Honors
Guggenheim Fellowship and Fulbright Grant,
University of Paris (1961- 1962)
Mathewson Gold Medal, A. I. M. E. (1963)
Philip M. McKenna Memorial Award (1981)
Elected to the National Academy of Sciences
(1984)
Appointed University Professor of Applied
Science (1985)
Professional Achievement Citation, University
of Chicago Alumni Assn. (1990)
Humboldt Research Award (1992)
Institute of Metals Lecturer of the TMS-AIME
and Robert Franklin Mehl Award (1994)
Fellow of The Metallurgical Society (1995)
Von Hippel Award of the Materials Research
Society (1995)
The Cyril Stanley Smith Award of the International
Conference on Grain Growth (1998)
Alexander M. Cruickshank Lecturer, Gordon
Research Conferences (2000)
Ross Coffin Purdy Award, American Ceramic
Society (2002, posthumous)
Publications
1. W. W. Mullins, "Magnetically Induced
Grain Boundary Motion in Bismuth:"
Acta Met. 4, 421 (1956).
2. W. W. Mullins, "Two Dimensional
Motion of Idealized GrainBoundaries:"
J. Appl. Phys. 27, 900 (1956).
3. W. W. Mullins, "The Modern Science
of Materials for Electrical Engineers:"
Paper #CP56-1014 AIEE Committee on Education
(1956).
4. W. W. Mullins, "Theory of Thermal
Grooving:" J. Appl. Phys. 28, 333 (1957).
5. W. W. Mullins, "The Effect of Thermal
Grooving on Grain Boundary Motion:"
Acta Met. 6, 414 (1958).
6. W. W. Mullins, "Flattening of a
Nearly Planar Solid Surface Due to Capillarity:"
J. Appl. Phys. 30, 77 (1959).
7. W. W. Mullins and P. G. Shewmon, "The
Kinetics of Grain Boundary Grooving in Copper:"
Acta Met. 7, 163 (1959).
8. W. W. Mullins, "Analysis of the
Linear Cooperative Problem as a Markoff
Process:" Phys. Rev. 114, 389 (1959).
9. W. W. Mullins, "A Simplified Treatment
of Surface Melting," Acta Met. 7, 746
(1959).
10. W. W. Mullins, "Grain Boundary
Grooving by Volume Diffusion:" Trans.
AIME 218, 354 (1960).
11. W. W. Mullins, "Theory of Linear
Facet Growth During Thermal Etching:"
Phil. Mag. 6, 1313 (1961).
12. M. J. Fraser, R. E. Gold and W. W.
Mullins, "Grain Boundary Mobility in
Bismuth," Acta Met. 9, 960 (1961).
13. R. T. King and W. W. Mullins, "Theory
of the Decay of a Surface Scratch to Flatness,"
Acta Met. 10, 601 (1962).
14. W. W. Mullins and R. F. Sekerka, "Application
of Linear Programming Theory to Crystal
Faceting," J. Phys. Solids 23, 801
(1962).
15. W. W. Mullins, "Proof that the
Two Dimensional Shape of Minimum Surface
Free Energy is Convex," J. Math. Phys.
3, 754 (1962).
16. J. W. Cahn and W. W. Mullins, Discussion
of J.S. Kirkaldy in Decomposition of Austenite
by Diffusional Processes, Interscience Publishers,
New York, p.123 (1962).
17. W. W. Mullins, A First Look at Metallurgy
and Metallurgical Science, Pamphlet published
by Pittsburgh Chapter of AIME (1962).
18. W. W. Mullins and R.F. Sekerka, "Morphological
Stability of a Particle Growing by Diffusion
or Heat Flow," J. Appl. Phys. 34, 323
(1963).
19. W. W. Mullins and J.P. Hirth, "The
Microscopic Kinetics of Step Motion in Growth
Processes:" Int. J. Phys. Chem. Solids
" 24, 1391 (1963).
20. W. W. Mullins, "Solid Surface
Morphologies Governed by Capillarity:"
in Metal Surfaces: Structure, Energetics
and Kinetics, ASM, Cleveland Ohio, p.17
(1963).
21. W. W. Mullins and R. F. Sekerka, "The
Stability of a Planar Interface During Solidification
of a Dilute Binary Alloy:" J.Appl.
Phys. 35, 444 (1964).
22. J. Friedel and W. W. Mullins, "The
Effect of Interface Curvature on the Partitioning
of Solute between Two Dilute Interstitial
Solid Solutions:" Acta Met. 12, 759
(1964).
23. J. D. Grozier, H. W. Paxton and W.
W. Mullins, "The Growth of Austenite
into Ferrite in the Iron-Nitrogen System:"
Trans. AIME 233, 130 (1965).
24. F. A. Nichols and W. W. Mullins, "Morphological
Changes of a Surface of Revolution due to
Capillarity-Induced Surface Diffusion,"
J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1826 (1965).
25. F. A. Nichols and W. W. Mullins, "Surface
(Interface) and Volume Diffusion Contributions
to Morphological Changes Driven by Capillarity:"
Trans. AIME 233, 1840 (1965).
26. E. E. Gruber and W. W. Mullins, "Extended
Analysis of Surface Scratch Smoothing:"
Acta Met. 14, 397 (1966).
27. J. E. Pavlick, W. W. Mulllins and H.
W. Paxton, "The Growth of Nitrogen-Austenite
into Alloyed Ferrite," Trans. AIME
236, 875 (1966).
28. E. E. Gruber and W. W. Mullins, "On
the Theory of Anisotropy of Crystalline
Surface Tension:" J. Phys. Chem. Solids
28, 875 (1967).
29. Metal Transformations (Editors: W.
W. Mullins and M. C. Shaw),Gordon and Breach,
New York (1968).
30. R. L. Klueh and W. W. Mullins, "Some
Observations on Hydrogen Embrittlement of
Silver:" Trans. Met. Soc. of AIME 242,
237 (1968).
31. R. L. Klueh and W.W. Mullins, "Periodic
Precipitation (Liesegang Phenomenon) in
Solid Silver: I. Experimental:" Acta
Met. 17, 59 (1969).
32. R. L. Klueh and W. W. Mullins, "Periodic
Precipitation (Liesegang Phenomenon) in
Solid Silver: II. Modification of Wagner's
Mathematical Analysis:" Acta Met. 17,
69 (1969).
33. W. W. Mullins, "Stochastic Theory
of Particle Flow under Gravity:" J.
Appl. Phys. 43, 665 (1972).
34. W. W. Mullins, "Diffusion with
Stochastic Jump Times:" AJP 41, 264
(1973).
35. W. W. Mullins, "Experimental Evidence
for the Stochastic Theory of Particle Flow
Under Gravity," Powder Technology 9,
29 (1974).
36. W. W. Mullins, "Nonsteady-State
Particle Flow Under Gravity-An Extension
of the Stochastic Theory:" J. Appl.
Mech. 41, 867 (1974).
37. W. W. Mullins, "An Estimator of
the Underlying Size Distribution of Overlapping
Impact-Craters:" Icarus 29, 113 (1976).
38. W. W. Mullins, "Stochastic Modeling
of Gravity Induced Particulate Flow:"
in Probability Theory and Reliability Analysis
in Geotechnical Engineering•, Ed. D.A. Grivas,
National Science Foundation and Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, p. 36 (1977).
39. R. F. Quick, Jr., W.W. Mullins and
T.A. Reichert, "Spatial Summation Effects
on Two-Component Grating Thresholds:"
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68 116 (1978).
40. W. W. Mullins, "Use of Equivalency
in Estimating the Historical Size Distribution
of Impact Craters:" Icarus 33, 624
(1978).
41. R. F. Quick Jr., W. W. Mullins and
R. N. Lucas, "Contrast Thresholds of
Random Patterns:" Photographic Science
and Engineering 22, 72 (1978).
42. W. W. Mullins, "A Convexity Theorem
for Subthreshold Stimuli in Linear Models
of Visual Contrast Detection," J. Opt.
Soc. Am. 68, 456 (1978).
43. W. W. Mullins, "Critique and Comparison
of Two Stochastic Theories of Gravity-Induced
Particle Flow:" Powder Technology 23,115
(1979).
44. W. W. Mullins, "Variational Principles
and Bounds for the Conductance of a Heterogeneous,
Locally Anisotropic Body:" J.Appl.
Phys. 50, 6754 (1979).
45. R.F. Sekerka and W. W. Mullins, "Proof
of the Symmetry of the Transport Matrix
for Diffusion and Heat Flow in Fluid Systems:"
J. Chem. Phys. 73, 1413 (1980).
46. W. W. Mullins and R. F. Sekerka, "On
the Validity of the Onsager Reciprocal Relations:"
Scripta Met. 15, 29 (1981).
47. W. W. Mullins, "The Thermodynamics
of Crystal Phases with Curved Interfaces:
Special Case of Interface Isotropy and Hydrostatic
Pressure:" Proc. Int. Conf. on Solid-Solid
Phase Transformations, Eds. H. I. Aaronson,
D. E. Laughlin, R. F. Sekerka and C. M.
Wayman,TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, p. 49 (1982).
48. W. W. Mullins, "Thermodynamic
Equilibrium of a Crystalline Sphere in a
Fluid:" J. Chem. Phys. 81, 1436 (1984).
49. W. W. Mullins and R. F. Sekerka, "On
the Thermodynamics of Crystalline Solids:"
J. Chem. Phys. 82, 5192 (1985).
50. W. W. Mullins, "The Statistical
Self-Similarity Hypothesis in Grain Growth
and Coarsening," J. Appl. Phys. 59,
1341 (1986).
51. J. A. Barnard, P. Wynblatt, W. C. Johnson
and W. W. Mullins, "A Comparison of
Solid and Liquid Alloys," Mat. Res.
Soc. Symp. Proc., 83 (1987).
52. J. A. Barnard, P. Wynblatt, W. C. Johnson
and W. W. Mullins:" Surface Segregation
in In-Pb Alloys: Solid and Liquid States:"
Surface Sci. 183, 134 (1987).
53. W. W. Mullins, "Markov Treatment
of the Self-Diffusion Dyadic in Homogeneous
Crystals," J. Appl. Phys., 64, 3918
(1988)
54. W. W. Mullins, "On Idealized Two
Dimensional Grain Growth:" Scripta
Metall. 22, 1441 (1988)
55. W. W. Mullins and Jorge Vinals, "Self-Similarity
and Growth Kinetics Driven by Surface Free
Energy Reduction", Acta Metall. 37,
991 (1989)
56. W. W. Mullins, "Estimation of
the Geometrical Rate Constant for Idealized
Three Dimensional Grain Growth", Acta
Metall. 37, 2979 (1989)
57. P. Leo, W. W. Mullins, R. F. Sekerka,
J. Vinals, "Effect of Stress on Late
Stage Coarsening", Acta Metall.38,
1573 (1990)
58. W. W. Mullins, "A One Dimensional
Nearest Neighbor Model of Coarsening",
Proceedings of the Calculus of Variations
and Nonlinear Material Behavior, Carnegie
Mellon University (1990)
59. W. W. Mullins, "A One Dimensional
Stochastic Model of Coarsening", in
On the Evolution of Phase Boundaries, v.
43 of the series Institute for Mathematics
and Its Applications (U. of Minn.), Eds.
M.E. Gurtin and G.B.McFadden, Springer-Verlag,
p.101, (1991)
60. W. W. Mullins, "Statistical Particle
Growth Law in Self-Similar Coarsening",
Acta Metall. 39, 2081 (1991)
61. W. W. Mullins, "Macroscopic Description
of Interface Migration by Ledge and Kink
Motion Controlled by Volume Diffusion",
Met. Trans. A 22A, 1225 (1991)
62. C. Atkinson, M. Enomoto, W. W. Mullins
and R. Trivedi, "Report on Panel Discussion
II: Critical Problems in the Mathematics
of Ledgewise Growth", Met. Trans. A
(June 1991)
63. W.W. Mullins and J. Viñals. Scaling
in a Binary Linear Bubble Model of Grain
Growth. In "Grain Growth in Polycrystalline
Materials", G. Abbruzzese and P. Brozzo,
eds., (Trans Tech Publications, Zurich,
1992).
64. F.Y. Genin, W.W.Mullins and P.Wynblatt,
"Capillary Instabilities in Thin Films:
A Model of Thermal Pitting at Grain Boundaries:"
F.Y. Genin, W.W. Mullins and P. Wynblatt,
Acta metall. et mater. 40, 3239 (1992)
65. J.M. Rickman, Jorge Vinals, R.F. Sekerka
and W.W. Mullins,"Effects of Long-Range
Crystalline Order on Collective Diffusionin
Binary Solids", Phys. Rev.B 45, 7750
(1992)
66. C.L. Bauer and W.W. Mullins, Appl.
Phys. Lett. 61, 2987 (1992)
67. W.W. Mullins and Jorge Vinals, "Scaling
in Linear Bubble Models of Grain Growth"
Acta metall. et mater. 41, 1359 (1993)
68. F.Y. Genin, W.W.Mullins and P.Wynblatt,
"The Effect of Stress on Grain Boundary
Grooving:" Acta metall. et mater. 41,
3541 (1993)
69. W.W. Mullins, " Idealized two
Dimensional Sintering by Interface Diffusion:",
Scripta metall. et mater.29, 491-496 (1993)
70. M. Scherge, C. L. Bauer and W. W. Mullins
"Stress Distribution and Mass Transport
along Grain Boundaries during Steady-State
Electromigration" , Proceed. 1994 Spring
Mat. Res. Soc.Symp.
71. M. Scherge, C. L. Bauer and W. W. Mullins
"Stress Distribution and Mass Transport
along Grain Boundaries during Steady-State
Electromigration" Acta metall. et mater.
43, 3525 (1995)
72. A Brokman, R. Kris, W.W. Mullins and
A.J. Vilenkin, Scripta met et mater. 32,
1341-1346 (1995)
73. W. W. Mullins, "Mass Transport
at Interfaces in Single Component Systems"
Metall. Trans. A 26A, 1917 (1995)
74. L. M. Klinger, E. E. Glickman, V. E.
Fradkov, W. W. Mullins and C. L. Bauer "Extensions
of thermal grooving for arbitrary grain-boundary
flux" J. of Appl. Phys. 78, 1 (1995)
75. L. M. Klinger, E. E. Glickman, V. E.
Fradkov, W. W. Mullins and C. L. Bauer,
"Effect of surface and grain boundary
diffusion on interconnect reliability"
in Materials Reliability in Microelectronics
V, MRS Symp. Proc. 391, 295 (1995)
76. L. Klinger, X. Chu, C. L. Bauer and
W. W. Mullins "Effect of Surface and
Grain Boundary Diffusion on Interconnect
Reliability", in MRS Symp. Proc., 391,
295 (1995)
77. H. Bonzel and W. W. Mullins, "Smoothing
of perturbed vicinal surfaces" Surface
Science 350, 285-300 (1996).
78. S. Surnev, B. Voigtlaender, H.P. Bonzel
and W. W. Mullins, "Anisotropic profile
decay on perturbed Au(111) vicinal surfaces"
Surface Science 360, 242 (1996).
79. L. Klinger, X. Chu, C. L. Bauer and
W. W. Mullins "Grain Boundary Slit
Propagation in an Electric Field",
J. Appl. Phys. 80, 6670 (1996)
80. C. Duport, A. Chame, W. W. Mullins
and J. Villain, "Decay of Grooves Cut
in a Surface with Singular Orientation when
the Neighboring Orientations are Unstable",
J. Phys. I France 6, 1095-1125 (1996)
81. W. W. Mullins, "Remarks on the
Evolution of Materials Science", Von
Hippel Award Address, MRS Bulletin July
1996, p. 20
82. A. D. Rollett and W. W. Mullins, "On
the Growth of Abnormal Grains", Scripta
mater. 36, 975 (1997)
83. X. Chu, C. L. Bauer and W. W. Mullins,
'Spreading of a Void along a Singular Surface
during Electromigration: A Failure Mode",
APL 70, 194 (1997)
84. S. Surnev, H. P. Bonzel and W. W. Mullins,
"Surface Morphologies-Equilibria and
Transient States, accepted by Progress in
Surface Science (1997)
85. X. Chu, C. L. Bauer and W. W. Mullins
and L. Klinger, "The Spreading of a
Void at the Leading Surface during Electromigration"
in MRS Symp. Proc., 472, 3 (1997)
86. C. Duport, Anna Chame, W. W. Mullins
and J. Villain, "Smoothing of a grooved
singular surface whose neighboring orientations
are unstable" in Dynamics of Crystal
Surfaces and Interfaces, Eds. P. M. Duxbury
and T. J. Pence, Plenum Press, p. 71 (1997)
87. B. Adams, D. Kinderlehrer, W. W. Mullins
, A. D. Rollett and S. Ta’asan, "Extracting
the Relative Grain Boundary Free Energy
and Mobility Functions from the Geometry
of Microstructures", Scripta mater.
38, 531 (1998)
88. J. Viñals and W. W. Mullins, "Self-Similarity
and Coarsening of Three Dimensional Particles
on a One or Two Dimensional Matrix",
J. Appl. Phys. 83, 621 (1998)
89. W. W. Mullins, "Curvature Driven
Grain Growth of Uniform Boundaries with
Scaling" accepted for publication in
Proceedings of the International Conference
on Grain Growth (1998)
90. W. W. Mullins, "Grain Growth of
Uniform Boundaries with Scaling" Acta
mater. 46, 6219 (1998)
91. A. D. Rollett, C.-C. Yang and W. W.
Mullins "Measurement of Triple Junction
Geometry for Extraction of Grain Boundary
Energies," in Proceedings of the International
Conference on Grain Growth (1998)
92. W. W. Mullins, "Models of Idealized
Grain Growth: Critique of Stochastic Theories
and Implications of Scaling," in Proceedings
of the International Conference on Grain
Growth, p. 3 (1998)
93. W. W. Mullins and G. S. Rohrer, "Nucleation
Barrier for Volume Conserving Shape Changes
of Faceted Crystals", J. Amer. Ceram.
Soc. 83, 214-16 (2000).
94. W.W. Mullins " Capillary-Induced
Surface Morphologies," Interface Science
9, 7-18 (2001).
95. G.S. Rohrer, C.L. Rohrer, and W.W.
Mullins,"Nucleation Energy Barriers
for Volume Conserving Shape Changes of Crystals
with Nonequilibrium Morphologies,"
J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 84, 2099-104 (2001).
96. C.-C. Yang, A. D. Rollett and W. W.
Mullins, "Measuring Relative Grain
Boundary Energies and Mobilities in an Aluminum
Foil from Triple Junction Geometry,"
Scripta Met. 44, 2735-40 (2001).
97. G. S. Rohrer and W. W. Mullins, "Energy
Barriers for the Morphological Evolution
and Coarsening of Faceted Crystals,"
Proceedings of the First Joint International
Conference on Grain Growth, Eds. G. Gottstein
and D.A. Molodov (Springer Verlag, 2001)
321-6.
98. G.S. Rohrer, C.L. Rohrer, and W.W.
Mullins, "Coarsening of Faceted Crystals,
"J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 85, 675-82 (2002).
99. W.W. Mullins and J. Viñals, "Linear
bubble model of abnormal grain growth,"
Acta Materialia 50, 2945 (2002).
Positions Held
WESTINGHOUSE RESEARCH LABORATORIES
Research Physicist (1955 - 1959)
Advisory Physicist (1959 - 1960)
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH
Adjunct Professor (1956 - 1960)
CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY
Associate Professor of Metallurgical Engineering
(1960 - 1963)
Professor of Metallurgical Engineering
(1963- )
Head, Department of Metallurgy and Materials
Science (1963 -1966)
Dean of Carnegie Institute of Technology
(1966 - 1970)
Professor of Applied Science (1970 - 1985
)
Director, Center for the Joining of Materials
(1982 - 1985)
University Professor of Applied Science
(1985 -1992 )
Emeritus University Professor of Applied
Science (1992-) |
William
W. Mullins